Nature of the Work:
Analysts begin an assignment by discussing the data processing problem with managers and users to determine the exact nature of the problem. Much time is devoted to clearly defining the goals of the system so that it can be broken down into separate programmable procedures. Analysts then use techniques such as mathematical model building, sampling, and cost accounting to plan the system. Once the design has been developed, systems analysts prepare charts and diagrams that describe it in terms that managers and other users can understand. They also may prepare a cost-benefit and return-on-investment analysis to help management decide whether the proposed system will be satisfactory.
If the system is accepted, systems analysts may determine what computer hardware and software will be needed to set up the system. They also prepare specifications for computer programmers to follow and work with them to debug, or eliminate errors from the system. Some organizations do not employ programmers; instead, a single worker called a programmer- analyst is responsible for both systems analysis and programming. The analyst also would design any forms required to collect data from sources outside the organization so that it can be easily entered into the data base.
One of the biggest obstacles to wider computer utilization is the inability of different computers to communicate with each other. Many systems analysts are involved with connecting all the computers in an individual office, department, or establishment. This networking has many variations; they may be called local area networks, wide area networks, or multiuser systems. A primary goal of networking is to allow users to retrieve data from a mainframe computer and use it on their machine. This connection also allows data to be entered into the mainframe from the PC.
If a manufacturer wishes to improve customer service by utilizing a just-in-time order, production, and delivery process, for example, a systems analyst would determine what data are needed, how it will be organized, and what pathways need to be opened so that data are accessible to all those using the system. Similarly, electronic mail requires open pathways to send messages, documents, and data from one computer mailbox to another across different equipment and program lines. The analyst must design the gates in the hardware and software that allow free exchange of data, custom applications, and the computer power to process it all. They study the seemingly incompatible pieces and create ways to link them so that any user can access any data from any terminal location.
Since the possible uses of computers are so varied and complex, analysts usually specialize in either business, scientific, or engineering applications. Previous experience or training in a particular area usually dictates the field in which they are most qualified to develop computer systems.
Working Conditions:
Systems analysts work in offices in comfortable surroundings. They usually work about 40 hours a week the same as other professional and office workers. Occasionally, however, evening or weekend work may be necessary to meet deadlines.
Employment:
Most systems analysts work in urban areas for data processing service firms, government agencies, insurance companies, banks, and firms that manufacture durable goods.
A small but growing number of systems analysts are employed on a temporary basis. For example, a company installing a new computer system may need the services of several systems analysts just to get the system running. Because not all of them would be needed once the system is functioning, the company might contract either directly with the systems analysts themselves or with a temporary help agency. The company would contract for their services for the duration of the contract; temporary jobs usually are for several months at least, and some last up to 2 years or more.
Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement:
There is no universally accepted way to prepare for a job as a systems analyst because employers' preferences depend on the work being done. Prior work experience is very important. Many persons entering this occupation transfer from another occupation, such as computer programmer or engineer. For example, a lead programmer in an engineering firm may become a systems analyst specializing in engineering applications.
College graduates almost always are sought for systems analyst positions, and, for some of the more complex jobs, persons with graduate degrees are preferred. Employers usually want analysts with a background in business management or a closely related field for work in a business environment, while a background in the physical sciences, applied mathematics, or engineering is preferred for work in scientifically oriented organizations.
Many employers seek applicants who have a degree in computer science, information science, computer information systems, or data processing. Regardless of college major, employers look for people who are familiar with programming languages and have a broad knowledge of computer systems. Courses in computer concepts, systems analysis, and data base management systems offer good preparation for a job in this field.
Systems analysts must be able to think logically, have good communication skills, and like working with ideas and people. They often deal with a number of tasks simultaneously. The ability to concentrate and pay close attention to detail also is important. Although systems analysts often work independently, they also work in teams on large projects. They must be able to communicate effectively with technical personnel, such as programmers and managers, as well as with people who have no computer background.
Technological advances come so rapidly in the computer field that continuous study is necessary to keep skills up to date. Training usually takes the form of 1-week and 2-week courses offered by employers and software vendors. Additional training may come from professional development seminars offered by professional computing societies.
Certification is an indication of experience and professional competence. The designations Certified Data Processor and Certified Systems Professional are conferred by the Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals upon candidates who have 5 years of experience and who have passed a core examination plus exams in 2 specialty areas.
Systems analysts may be promoted to senior or lead systems analysts after several years of experience. Those who show leadership ability also can advance to jobs as manager of information systems or chief information officer. Systems analysts with several years of experience may start their own computer consulting firms.
Job Outlook:
The demand for systems analysts is expected to rise as advances in technology lead to new applications for computers. Office and factory automation, telecommunications technology, and scientific research are areas where the use of computer systems will expand dramatically in the years ahead. More systems analysts will be needed to implement these changes in new or existing systems.
As users develop a more sophisticated knowledge of computers, they become more aware of the machine's potential and better able to suggest operations that will increase their own productivity and that of the organization. In addition, falling prices of computer hardware and software are inducing more small businesses to computerize their operations, further stimulating demand for systems analysts.
Despite this rapid growth in employment, most job openings will result from the need to replace workers who leave the occupation although a smaller proportion of systems analysts than of all professional workers leave their occupation each year. Most of the systems analysts who leave the occupation transfer to other jobs such as manager or senior administrator.
College graduates who have had courses in computer programming, systems analysis, and other data processing areas as well as training or experience in an applied field should enjoy good prospects for employment Persons without a college degree and college graduates unfamiliar with data processing will face keen competition from the large number of experienced workers seeking jobs as systems analysts.
Related Occupations:
Other workers who use logic and reasoning ability to solve problems are programmers, financial analysts, urban planners, engineers, mathematicians, operations research analysts, scientists, and actuaries.
