Metallurgical engineers—a subset of materials engineers—develop methods to process and convert metals into usable forms. Other scientists who work in this field are called metallurgists or materials scientists, but the distinction between scientist and engineer in this field is so small as to be almost nonexistent.
There are three main branches of metallurgy:extractive or chemical, physical, and mechanical. Extractive metallurgists are engaged in the processes for extracting metals from ore, refining, and alloying. Physical metallurgists work with the nature, structure, and physical properties of metals and alloys to develop methods for converting them into final products. Mechanical metallurgists develop methods to work and shape metals. These include casting, forging, rolling, and drawing.
Most metallurgical engineers are employed by the metalworking industries—iron, steel, and nonferrous metals—where they are responsible for specifying, controlling, and testing the quality of the metals during manufacture. Others work in industries that manufacture machinery, electrical equipment, aircraft and aircraft parts, and in mining. Some work in federal agencies such as the Bureau of Mines.
The development of new, lightweight metals for use in communications equipment, computers, and spacecraft is a growing field for metallurgical engineers, as are the processing and recycling of industrial waste and the processing of low-grade ores. Problems associated with the use of nuclear energy will also require the expertise of metallurgists and metallurgical engineers.
Places of Employment and Working Conditions
The work settings of metallurgical engineers vary from the laboratory to smelting and mining locations to factory production lines. Some of these operations are located in remote areas.
Qualifications, Education, and Training
The ability to think analytically, a capacity for detail, and the ability to work as part of a team are all necessary. Good communication skills are also important.
As for education, mathematics and the sciences must be emphasized in high school.
A bachelor's degree in engineering is the minimum requirement in this field. In a typical curriculum, the first two years are spent in the study of basic sciences such as physics and chemistry and mathematics, introductory engineering, and some liberal arts courses. The remaining years are usually devoted to specialized engineering courses. Engineering programs can last from four to six years. Those requiring five or six years to complete may award a master's degree or may provide a cooperative plan of study plus practical work experience in a nearby industry.
Because of rapid changes in technology, many engineers continue their education throughout their careers. A graduate degree is necessary for most teaching and research positions and for many management jobs. Some specialties, such as nuclear engineering, are taught only at the graduate level. Some persons obtain graduate degrees in business administration.
Engineering graduates usually work under the supervision of an experienced engineer or in a company training program until they become acquainted with the requirements of a particular company or industry.
All states require licensing of engineers whose work may affect life, health, or property or who offer their services to the public. Those who are licensed, about one-third of all engineers, are called registered engineers. Requirements include graduation from an accredited engineering school, four years of experience, and a written examination.
Potential and Advancement
Substantial growth is expected in this field as the demand for new metals and alloys and new applications for current ones increases.
Income
The average annual salary for a metallurgical engineer is $74,000. This number will decrease or increase significantly depending on education level, years of experience, the industry in which you work, and other factors.
Additional Sources of Information
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, New York, NY 10017
American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036
ASM International Metals Park, OH 44073
Junior Engineering Technical Society (JETS) Alexandria, VA 22314
The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA 15086
National Society of Professional Engineers , Alexandria, VA 22314
Society of Women Engineers, New York, NY 10017
