By examining surface rocks and rock samples drilled from beneath the surface, geologists study the structure, composition, and history of the earth's crust. Their work is important in the search for mineral resources and oil and in the study of predicting earthquakes. Geologists are also employed to advise on the construction of buildings, dams, and highways.
Geologists study plant and animal fossils as well as minerals and rocks. Some specialize in the study of the ocean floor or the composition of other plants. Vulcanologists study active and inactive volcanoes and lava flows. Mineralogists analyze and classify minerals and precious stones.
About two-fifths of all geologists work in private industry mainly for petroleum and mining companies. The federal government employs over 6,000 geologists in the U.S. Geological Survey, the Bureau of Mines, and the Bureau of Reclamation. State and local governments employ geologists in highway construction and survey work.
Colleges and universities, nonprofit research institutions, and museums also employ geologists.
Related jobs are geophysicist, meteorologist, and oceanographer.
Places of Employment and Working Conditions
Five states account for most jobs in geology: Texas, California, Louisiana, Colorado, and Oklahoma. Other areas with large oil and mineral deposits also provide job opportunities. American companies often send their geologists to overseas locations for varying periods of time.
Much of the work done by geologists is out-of-doors, often at remote locations. Geologists also cover many miles on foot. Those involved in mining often work underground; geologists in petroleum research often work on offshore oil rigs.
Qualifications, Education, and Training
Curiosity, analytical thinking, and physical stamina are all necessary for a geologist.
High school work should include as much science and mathematics as possible.
A bachelor's degree in geology or a related field is the basic preparation and is adequate for some entry-level jobs. Teaching and research positions require advanced degrees with specialization in one particular branch of geology.
Potential and Advancement
This is a growing field, and job opportunities will increase steadily as exploration activities for new sources of oil and gas increase. There will also be opportunities in environmental protection.
Those with advanced degrees will have the most job opportunities and the best chances for promotion.
Additional Sources of Information
- American Geological Institute 4220 King Street Alexandria, VA 22302
- Geological Society of America P.O. Box 9140 3300 Penrose Place Boulder, CO 80301
