Sociologists study human social behavior by examining the groups that human beings form-families, tribes, and governments and social, religious, and political organizations. Some sociologists study the characteristics of social groups and institutions; others study the way individuals are affected by the groups to which they belong.
Most sociologists are college and university teachers. Others are engaged in research and writing. Those doing research collect information, prepare case studies, and conduct surveys and laboratory experiments. Many research sociologists may apply statistical and computer techniques in their research.
The federal government employs sociologists in the Department of Health and Human Services; Defense; Agriculture; and Interior.
Others work in private industry, social work, and public health.
Places of Employment and Working Conditions
Sociologists work throughout the country but are heavily concentrated in areas with large colleges and universities.
Qualifications, Education, and Training
Study and research skills are necessary as well as communication skills.
In high school, a college preparatory course with a strong academic program is the best background.
A master's degree with a major in sociology is usually the minimum requirement in this field. A Ph.D. is required for professorship and tenure, for directors of major research projects, and for important administrative positions.
Those with only a bachelor's degree in sociology will be limited to jobs as interviewers, research or administrative assistants, or recreation workers. Some may secure social worker or counselor positions or teach in secondary schools.
Potential and Advancement
Job competition will be very stiff as thousands of Ph.D.'s with degrees in sociology are expected to compete for the limited number of job openings through the years to come. Most job openings will occur to replace those who retire or leave the field.
Advancement in this field depends on experience and obtaining higher degrees.
Income
The median annual salary of sociologists is at par with other professionals. The sociologists work in educational institutions; in business and industry; and in nonprofit organizations. Sociologists with a bachelor's degree earn annual starting salaries of $15,800 or $19,400 with the federal government; those with a master's start at about $23,900; and those with a Ph.D., $28,900 or $34,600. Sociologists working for the federal government average annual earnings of $42,900.
